![]() ![]() Studies have shown that targeted NBs can increase the peak time and intensity values of tumor imaging in vitro compared to nontargeted NBs. Targeted NBs are prepared by loading a specific ligand onto the surface of the NBs, which can then circulate through the blood and pass through the vascular endothelium to reach the target tissue here, the NBs can aggregate and persist for a long time. In recent years, the development of US molecular imaging has further enhanced the efficacy of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) tumor imaging. In addition, NBs have the advantages of stronger stability, better blood flow, and a longer in vivo imaging time for tumor enhancement. 6 Nanobubbles can pass through small pores in the vascular endothelium that MBs cannot pass through and reach the tumor parenchyma. The neovasculature of a tumor is imperfect and has a maximum pore size in the wall of approximately 380 to 780 nm. ![]() 5 Thus, nanobubbles (NBs) have recently become a hot topic in cancer contrast imaging research. 4 However, because of size limitations, MB‐based imaging is limited to the vasculature, and the MBs usually pool in the blood, rather than circulating as desired. 3 Microbubbles (MBs), a commonly used UCA, are bubbles larger than 1 μm in diameter and have the advantages of low cost, easy preparation, and excellent contrast. ![]() 2 Transrectal ultrasound (US)‐guided biopsy is the reference standard for diagnosing PCa, and the application of an ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) improves the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of this method. 1 Early diagnosis is important for the treatment and prognosis of patients with PCa. In 2016, there were 1.4 million cases of PCa and 381,000 deaths worldwide. Prostate cancer (PCa) has become the most common cancer in men in recent years. Abbreviations biotinylated DSPE‐PEG‐2000 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐ N‐ CEUS contrast‐enhanced ultrasound DPPC 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine FCM flow cytometry MB microbubble NB nanobubble PBS phosphate‐buffered saline PCa prostate cancer PEG polyethylene glycol PSMA prostate‐specific membrane antigen scFv single‐chain variable fragment UCA ultrasound contrast agent US ultrasound ![]()
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